Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Pressure , Heart Rate , Autonomic Nervous System , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Heart , ObesityABSTRACT
Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a well-established tool of cardiopulmonary circulatory support for cardiopulmonary failure in children and adults. It has been used as a supportive strategy during interventional procedures in neonates with congenital heart disease. Herein, we describe a neonate with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent stenting of the Sano shunt and left pulmonary artery after Norwood Sano operation using intra-procedural ECMO support. The use of ECMO as a bridge to recovery might be a feasible and reasonably safe adjunctive approach in the treatment of complications in selective case of neonates having undergone the Norwood Sano procedure.
Resumo A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) é uma ferramenta bem estabelecida de suporte circulatório em casos de insuficiência em crianças e adultos. A ECMO tem sido utilizada como uma estratégia de suporte durante procedimentos interventistas em recém-nascidos com doença cardíaca congênita. Descrevemos o caso de um recém-nascido com síndrome do coração esquerdo hipoplásico que foi submetido à colocação de um stent em shunt de Sano e artéria pulmonar esquerda após procedimento de Norwood-Sano utilizando-se a ECMO como suporte. O uso da ECMO pode ser uma estratégia adjunta viável e segura no tratamento de complicações em casos eletivos de recém-nascidos submetidos à operação de Norwood-Sano.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/methods , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods , Stents , Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome/surgery , Norwood Procedures/methods , Pulmonary Artery/surgery , Angiography/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Prosthesis Implantation/methodsABSTRACT
Background: Onychomycosis is a world-wide public health concern in children, requiring epidemiological data for different regions for control and prevention. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predominant pathogens and risk factors for onychomycosis in school children living in Kayseri, Turkey. Methods: This study included 8122 school children, aged 5-16 years, living in the rural and urban areas around Kayseri. Onychomycosis was clinically classifi ed as distal and lateral subungual (DLSO), proximal subungual, superfi cial white, endonyx and totally dystrophic onychomycosis. Nail samples from children with clinically diagnosed onychomycosis were collected, examined by direct microscopy and inoculated for culture study. The demographic features and possible risk factors were recorded and assessed by logistic regression models. Results: We clinically diagnosed onychomycosis in 152 out of 8,122 (0.18%) school children. DLSO was the most frequent clinical diagnosis (120/152, 78.9%). Culture-positive onychomycosis was detected in 27/152 (17.7%) children. The prevalence of culture-positive onychomycosis was determined as 0.33%. All culture-positive samples were only from toenails. The onychomycosis causative agents were dermatophytes in 17/27 cases (62.9%), including Trichophyton rubrum 12 (44.4%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes 1 (3.7%), Trichophyton tonsurans 1 (3.7%) and Trichophyton spp. 3 (11.1%) and yeasts in 10/27 cases (37.1%), including Candida glabrata 4 (14.8%), Candida parapsilosis 1 (3.7%), Trichosporon 2 (7.4%) and Rhodotorula 3 (11.1%). Age, father’s occupation, number of siblings and rooms were statistically associated with the frequency of onychomycosis. Conclusions: Although to be prevalence of onychomycosis in school children in central Anatolia of Turkey seems very low degree, pediatric onychomycosis is a growing public health concern all over the world. Children having more siblings or unemployed fathers and children living in small house as well as older children should be examined carefully for onychomycosis.